Personal Investment Guide

I need to know stuff about the stock market like:
1 Stocks and bonds
2Why companies sell stocks and bonds
3 Why people buy stocks
4 Individual value, growth and dividend-payin stocks; yield
5Cheap and Expensive stocks: Price earning ratio
6 Mutual funds, index funds, stock sectors, exchange traded funds
7 Bull and Bear markets
Thank you so much in advance. Answer any [...]